Introsuction. Although global initiatives promote environmental education, students’ environmental literacy remains low, limiting their ability to act responsibly and adopt sustainable behaviors. This study aims to identify the antecedents and consequences of environmental literacy among students through a systematic literature review.
Methods. Following the PRISMA protocol, 41 Scopus-indexed studies published over the past two decades were systematically analyzed to reveal research trends, leading authors and countries, as well as the main antecedents, consequences and direction for future research in environmental literacy.
Results. The results showed that environmental literacy peaked in 2013, 2022, as well as 2024 and was expected to continue until 2025, with Indonesia contributing the most and showing the greatest interest in this topic. The results also signified several predictors of environmental literacy, including learning models, government programs, and demographic variables. The consequences of environmental literacy were related to environmental knowledge, problem solving, environmental protection competence, and pro-environmental behavior.
Conclusion. These findings highlight the need for integrating environmental literacy into educational systems through innovative, culturally relevant learning models and for further studies to explore underexamined factors using quantitative approaches to strengthen empirical understanding.
Implication. This study offered future academics and policy experts to consider several determinants and consequences that were shown to improve environmental literacy among students.
Keywords: environmental literacy, students, environmental education, determinants, systematic literature review
For Citation: Un Lala, S. G., & Suryanti, & Prahani, B. K. (2026). Antecedents and consequences of environmental literacy among students: systematic literature review. Perspektivy nauki i obrazovania = Perspectives of Science and Education, (4), 215–227. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2026.4.15
Authors:
Sofia Godeliva Un Lala (Indonesia, Surabaya) — Universitas Negeri Surabaya. E-mail: 24011516002@mhs.unesa.ac.id
Suryanti (Indonesia, Surabaya) — Universitas Negeri Surabaya. E-mail: suryanti@unesa.ac.id
Binar Kurnia Prahani (Indonesia, Surabaya) — Universitas Negeri Surabaya. E-mail: binarprahani@unesa.ac.id
© Sofia Godeliva Un Lala, Suryanti, Binar Kurnia Prahani, 2026
The author’s declared no conflicts of interest
Received: 11 February 2026 | Approved: 14 May 2026 | Published: 31 August 2026
This is an open access article distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike International License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal
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